Understanding Specific Needs- Health and Social Care Related free essay sample

Understanding Specific Needs- Assignment 1 This assignment on understanding specific needs will look into the perceptions that people have of health, disability, illness and behaviour in a health and social care context. It will also look into and explain how attitudes towards individuals with specific needs and perceptions of those needs change over time and differ between cultures. I will then analyse how legislation, society, culture and social policy interact to influence attitudes toward and service development for individuals with specific needs. The World Health Organisation (WHO, 1946) describes health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. Concepts related to health and social care that have been adapted to define health and disease in individuals include disability, illness, impairment, sickness and behaviour to name a few. These concepts may be misused by individuals who don’t actually understand the term. In order to be a competent and professional health and social care practitioner it is extremely important to understand the correct definition and have the correct perceptions of health, disability and wellbeing, if not, we may end up offending individuals in our care without meaning too. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Specific Needs- Health and Social Care Related or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is hard to find a correct definition for ‘impairment’ and ‘disability’ but WHO describes impairment as ‘any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function’- an example of this would include someone who has suffered from a stroke and as a result loses function of one side of their body. They then go on to describe disability as ‘any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the matter or within the range considered normal for a human being’ followed by an example of ‘limited functioning of leg leads to inability to walk’. When it comes to illness, disease and sickness it is sometimes hard to differentiate between the three. Although they are quite closely related to one another they do each mean different things. Jones, 1994 described disease as a specific condition of ill health in a patient. Illness is about how you feel- it is related to disease in that you may have a particular disease but still feel well. Some people believe that if a person is ill they have a disease but this however is not always the case- a disease is a physical change or abnormality in the human body. A relevant example to highlight the difference between a disease and illness would be HIV and some forms of cancer- sufferers can live everyday relatively normal without feeling ill or sick while taking the correct medication. Most diseases will affect our behaviour if diagnosed- most obvious behaviour change could be feeling down in the dumps/ sad about the impact the disease may have on your own day to day life. However, it doesn’t have to be a problem- some people may be diagnosed with a disease, be optimistic and look at the ‘problems’ it poses but then be motivated to change those problems. Disease is the most likely out of the terms that would be most commonly used in health and social care as it is noticeable and certain whereas illness and sickness are feelings. A person has a disability if he has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities†. (Disability Discrimination Act 1995) I previously touched briefly on disability and WHO’s definition, however I have become more and more aware of disability and those who suffer from a disability within my own placement work in the c ollege helping out and assisting the students who have learning disabilities, therefore I can relate more to it. I agree with the above definition as the students in my placement, although a lot older than me; can’t complete the tasks that I take for granted everyday as well as us who don’t have a disability. I feel that by the college offering classes and providing facilities for those who have a disability is very positive and from having firsthand experience I feel that the staff do a very positive and great job with the students. There is also a door to door service available for those who are in wheelchair due to problems with their mobility- this bus collects students from their door and brings then directly to the college. This is also positive as in the past this was not available. In general I feel that discrimination against those who suffer from a disability is getting better- examples of this include ramps for wheel chair accessibility onto buses and trains which was not available in the past. I feel like we as a society are talking a step in the right direction in bringing equality to all including those who have a disability. According to Wolfensburger, 1972, the social roles perceptions of people with learning disabilities include subhuman, sick, menace, object of dread and object of ridule. The social model of disability says that disability is caused by the way society is organised, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference. It looks at ways of removing barriers that restrict life choices for disabled people. When barriers are removed, disabled people can be independent and equal in society, with choice and control over their own lives. The medical model of disability says people are disabled by their impairments or differences. Under the medical model, these impairments or differences should be fixed or changed by medical and other treatments, even when the impairment or difference does not cause pain or illness. The medical model looks at what is wrong with the person and not what the person needs. It creates low expectations and leads to people losing independence, choice and control in their own lives. An example of both models in action would be a wheelchair user wants to get into a building with a step at the entrance. Under a social model solution, a ramp would be added to the entrance so that the wheelchair user is free to go into the building immediately. Using the medical model, there are very few solutions to help wheelchair users to climb stairs, which excludes them from many essential and leisure activities. Each models have their individual strengths and weaknesses however I do feel that the one that I agree with most is the social model- I believe that the mind is a powerful thing, and thinking positively and pushing ourselves to reach our full potential is extremely important in how we develop- I believe that by the social model encouraging independence of those who are disabled they are doing exactly this. In saying this I of course still understand the importance of the medical side and its importance in disability. The most recent model in relation to disability is the affirmative model and it is all about celebrating diversity. In 2000, John Swain and Sally French came up with the idea for the new model. They believed that yes the social model was great from promoting independence and equality however with this, people were still going to see disabled people as a personal tragedy and feel sympathetic towards them and therefore they would never be treated equal to those without a disability. So the Affirmative Model was initially proposed as a counter to this personal tragedy narrative of impairment. It is expressed in the voices of people who say, Deafness is normal for me. I wouldn’t want to be other than Deaf. Or, I’ve been blind since birth. Why would I want to change? This is who I am. Or, I have learning difficulties. I have Down’s Syndrome but I don’t ‘suffer’ from Down’s Syndrome. This is who I am as a person. This is me. It encourages disabled people to be happy in the people that they are and in my opinion they should do exactly this. We as health and social care workers must be advocates to the disabled in our society. We must speak out and act persuasively on behalf of anyone in our cares rights and just in general should speak up for everyone’s rights. We must do so because of legislative requirements, our code of practice and care value base but most of all because we feel it is right to do so. Although, as mentioned above, Northern Ireland as a society is becoming more and more aware and accommodating to the needs of the disabled it has been quite a long time coming in comparison to other countries, Sweden being a prime example. There is a huge difference in how disabled people are treated here and how they are treated in Sweden. Sweden follow the Nordic Model which has characteristics such as welfare funded by high taxes (around 35%), universal welfare rights, high level of public/state interventions and political consensus and shared culture and belief. Benefits come from using the Nordic model and have helped Sweden in becoming the well thought of country it is today. For example, carers in Sweden can be off work for as long as they need and still be paid- they receive great benefits. It is a society focused on everyone which helps in the support of vulnerable people who are in need of help. Sweden has higher levels of social satisfaction and well being. They are great at negotiating issues and coming to agreements- there are very little strikes, protests and walk outs. In Sweden profit is not the most important focus- commitment to society is. They were also ahead of us in Northern Ireland in making significant decisions- one of these being the Grunewald’s 4 phases of care ervices which was introduced in 1974. The first phase in Grunewald’s phases of caring is diagnostic stage and ultimately identifying the problem. The next phase looks at the specialisation of the problem- this seen the need for a ‘specialist’ institution caring for people. The third phase of care services was differentiation which appreciated that one service was not enough and could not meet the need holistically therefore the development of multi disciplinary models was introduced. The final stage of Grunewald’s phases of caring was decentralisation- this ensured the integration of services and use of ‘ordinary’ facilities. This highlights just how quick and early Sweden were in discovering that those who had a disability in their country needed to be treated with equality and needed to be able to do the things that everyone else could do. The next part of the assignment will look into the development of community care in Northern Ireland which will then enable me to make fair comparisons between it and Sweden. Community care is not a new concept. The term however means different things to different people. This paper uses the term to mean care outside hospital’. Community care is in relation to those who previously lived in long stay institutions now live in and are cared for in the community. It ensures that those living in the community who need care, for example, older people, people with mental illness, learning/ physical disabil ity and those suffering from addiction, victims of abuse, homeless etc are facilitated to remain in the community. It is provided by three sectors; statutory sector which is the government/ Trusts, independent sector which is separate from the government and include voluntary organisations as well as private organisations and finally informal sector which is unpaid carers including relatives, friends neighbours etc. ‘Ever since the Health Service had been created, and indeed for long before it, the long stay services in hospitals for the mentally ill and elderly and handicapped had been a disgrace to a humane society. Glennerster (2000) P113 The 1960’s is when things started to change in relation to institutional care. Reductions in admission led the government to conclude that demand was not high, this alongside criticisms of institutional care from Barbara Robb’s book ‘Sans Everything’ as well as Geoffrey Howe’s critical inquiry into care at Ely Hospital for people with learning disabilities gave the government the recognition that things were not right h owever there were no solutions made in this decade. The next ecade, the 1970’s, presented better services debate on the agenda as well as beginnings of health service reform which was looking promising, however economic constraints led to not a whole lot of improvements being carried out. In the 1980’s much of the same negotiations took and things began to improve such as adult commission- making a reality of community care, cost of supplementary benefit spending on private residential and nursing care as well as Griffiths report on Community Care; Agenda for Action. The 1990’s saw the introduction of The NHS and Community Care Act 1990 as well as People First; Community Care in Northern Ireland for the 1990’s. After going through this timeline of the development of community care in Northern Ireland it is quite obvious that Sweden move a whole lot faster in developing their country for those in need. I feel like this is possibly down to the relationship between the public and the government in Sweden- they seem to have a good system and seem united in most decisions. As well as this their society focuses on everyone in the society, they support vulnerable people who are in need of help and this I feel needs improved in Northern Ireland. Although there have been many improvements from previous years it is quite obvious that we still lag very far behind not only Sweden but England and Wales as well. â€Å"Severe challenging behaviour refers to behaviour of such an intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety of the person or others is likely to be placed in serious jeopardy, or behaviour which is likely to seriously limit or delay access to and use of ordinary community facilities. Emerson et al (1987) In our lifetime, most of us will come across instances of challenging behaviour, particularly those who work in health and social care environments. Behaviours that people find challenging can put people’s safety at risk, disrupt home life as well as stop a person taking part in everyday, ordinary social, educational and leisurel y activities. Challenging behaviour can affect a person’s development and their ability to learn. Problems are often caused as much by the way a person is supported – or not supported – as by their disabilities. People often behave in a ‘challenging’ way if they have problems understanding what’s happening around them or communicating what they want or need. The Alzheimer Society explained that ‘In many cases, challenging behaviours have meaning – the challenge is to figure out the significance, so that the behaviour can be managed, controlled or diverted’- this part of the assignment will look at the potential impact that challenging behaviour may have on health and social care organisations as well as analysing the strategies for working with challenging behaviours associated with specific needs. Challenging behaviour is often seen in people with conditions that affect communication and the brain, such as learning disabilities or dementia. Communication is the main way we interact and express our needs, likes and dislikes. If communication is a problem then it can be very frustrating for the person involved and may result in challenging behaviour. If this behaviour leads to a desired outcome, it may be repeated again and again. We as carers must be able to deal appropriately and effectively with challenging behaviour as we will more than likely face it in our career lifetime. As professionals we should determine whether the behaviour is challenging or safe for the person- it may be a problem for someone else which doesn’t trouble the individual at all. For example, if being in a large group of people makes the person you care for feel anxious and makes them become agitated, you could arrange for them to be in a smaller group or have one-to-one support- this will trigger challenging behaviour for some people but not everyone. In order to help deal with the behaviour we must try to understand the cause and why the person is behaving this way. We can start doing this by figuring out what has happened just before the behaviour, looking for any triggers, as well as determining what happened after the incident- it is extremely important to remember not to make assumptions as to what the cause of the behaviour is as this may bring on further challenging behaviour. Simple explanations can be the cause of challenging behaviour such as boredom and frustration as well as changes in routine, sometimes the behaviour is caused simply for a way to get attention. We must try to find the suitable solutions to meet the person’s needs and must be prepared to try different approaches in order to find the correct one. It is important to remember that challenging behaviour can usually be managed with good support and that teaching new communication skills is key in reducing the behaviour. If you as a carer are finding it hard to cope with the behaviour of the person you look after, you can ask your GP to refer you to a specialist with knowledge of challenging behaviour. The specialist will want to know what situations or people trigger the behaviour, what the early warning signs are, and what happens after the event. As well as this, there are organisations set up in order to cope with dealing with challenging behaviour, for example, many organisations for people with learning disabilities or dementia have strategies for coping with challenging behaviour. Some of these organisations also provide opportunities for carers to connect with other people in a similar situation including through family linking schemes. Similarly, family of the person with challenging behaviour can be affected by it and also need help and support. They most likely will be suffering from high levels of stress and often have emotional or physical problems of their own- they should seek help from a specialist, for example a ‘behaviour support team’ or they could alternatively speak to someone who is in a similar situation and therefore understanding of their own circumstances. Another option would be to seek comfort in speaking to a family counselling and support service. Physical Intervention can, sometimes, come along with challenging behaviour however this should only ever happen if needs be. Physical intervention can include restraints such as arm splints or helmets but again should only ever be implemented as a last resort. If they are employed, it should be with clear guidelines on their use, and alongside a range of other ways of supporting the person with their behaviour. This should be recorded and regularly reviewed with a clear aim of eliminating their use. However, before any healthcare professional carries out any sort of physical intervention they should receive the correct training- this will not only teach them how to carry out the intervention properly ensuring the safety of themselves as well as the patient but also it will ensure that the carer has confidence in doing so. Overall it is quite obvious the importance that communication has in carers dealing with challenging behaviour, if we can communicate with our patients effectively as well as identifying the cause of the problem challenging behaviour will be kept to a minimal. Those suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are prone to experiencing challenging behaviour. Part of this assignment is to look at and evaluate a case study based on a school boy, Michael, who because of ADHD IS having trouble in school. Difficulties that he has include listening in class, completing homework’s, shouting out inappropriately during class as well as talking during class with this said it is obvious that he struggles with understanding the social constraints of the classroom. However one point from the case study that I feel is relevant and important to remember is that Michael attends a grammar school with a 1950’s style ethos which does suggest that the school is outdates and therefore may not accommodate correctly to those suffering from ADHD. After reading the case study, my class group devised a communication chart and came to the conclusion that Michael is simply trying to communicate but he may be misunderstood because of his ADHD- we believe that he may have little to no friends and that he may not be able to cope with the demand of work and therefore is falling behind all because of his disability, all of which would be extremely frustrating. It is evident that support is needed, not only in school but also at home from his family. This could include a recording device to help record homework such as a homework diary. Also I feel that it would be beneficial for the school teachers as well as pupils to become aware and be given more knowledge as to what ADHD actually is and its impact on those who suffer from its lives, obviously without pin pointing Michael- this would reduce stigma and people labelling Michael as a ‘problem child’. PIES is vital in the development of anyone and is particularly important for those with specific needs such as Michael. When looking at the physical aspect I feel that physical activity in after school sports would be beneficial in Michaels development- not only would this keep him physically healthy but it would also ensure his social needs improve as he would be interacting and making new friends with other students. As well as this Michael should have a set routine at home, for example getting the correct amount of sleep and eating a health balanced diet. Intellectually it is obvious that improvements need to happen if Michael is to prosper in school. I feel that it is vitally important that he gets one to one attention from a teaching assistant- this way he could seek help from the teaching assistant by asking him/her questions rather than shouting out loud and interrupting the class. The school could also contribute by changing their teaching style by making it more up to date and interactive to suit all students, including Michael. Finally, as mentioned previously, extra support at home would be beneficial and effective communication between Michael’s parent and teachers would help develop his intellectual needs. Emotional support will help in Michael’s development in school. A school counsellor could be provided to help him with his transition from Primary school, in which the case study points out he had no problems, to secondary school where there are obvious problems. Another idea could be that the school could develop different methods of dealing with challenging behaviour rather than strict punishment, for example they could calmly speak to Michael and try to understand the problems that he may be having. Finally, in terms of Michael’s social development it would appear he has very little friends in school. As mentioned above, taking part in extracurricular activities could help develop Michael socially and would result in him making friends. After assessing the case study it is extremely obvious that the main implementation for Michael should be a person centred approach and under the Children (NI) Order 1995 Michael is entitled to receive this. â€Å"Put simply, person-centred planning is a way of discovering what people want, the support they need and how they can get it. It is evidence-based practice that assists people in leading an independent and inclusive life. Person-centred planning is both an empowering philosophy and a set of tools for change, at an individual, a team and an organisational level. It shifts power from professionals to people who use services. † http://www. dh. gov. uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/@ps/documents/digitalasset/dh_115249. pdf- accessed on 1/5/13. The school should recognise and be aware of Michael’s own needs and problems that he may have and they should accommodate these otherwise Michael could find the help he needs elsewhere. It should implement person centred thinking tools such as ‘The Doughnut’ which is particularly relevant to Michael as it helps promote independence by identifying responsibilities and avoiding the tendency to treat people with specific needs differently from everybody else which is exactly what Michael would not want. A good idea would also be for the school and Michael’s family to come together every month and assess how things are progressing, stating what’s working and what needs improved further. Person centred approaches bring a number of positive outcomes as they are a targeted intervention and they manage challenging behaviour through prevention- they should definitely be implemented in Michael’s case. After looking at challenging behaviour, the strategies and tools that can help cope with it and how to deal with people suffering from it as health and social care professionals, I feel that above all, communication is the most important aspect. If we can communicate effectively we should be able to solve any problems. Like everything in Health and Social care partnership and working together makes things go a lot smoother. Person centred approaches are also very important in those who have challenging behaviour’s development. Risk management also helps especially having a plan in the event of an emergency. Understanding Specific Needs- Assignment 2 One condition that can bring about challenging behaviour, as well as ADHD, is dementia. In order to care for those who have dementia, we as carers must have a better understanding of what the disease is and what it involves. According to the Alzheimers Disease International 2010, there are 7. 7 million new cases of dementia each year- highlighting the severity of the condition. Previously dementia was viewed as an inevitable part of the ageing process and individuals who had it were characterised as ‘senile old people who have lost their mind’. Many still hold on to this view and as a result individuals often go misdiagnosed by professionals, individuals and families (Berr et al, 2005). However as time has went on it has become more recognised as a mental health condition, given the medical definition of ‘Dementia is the insidious onset and progression of cognitive and/or behavioural symptoms that constitute a departure from the individual’s customary way of thinking and/or behaving. Wicklund and Weintruab 2005. As a result of this more research into the condition has been carried out. Dementia is not classified as a disease but rather a symptom, it indicates that the brain is not functioning ‘normally’ but researchers can not specify the cause or source of the ‘malfunction’. Dementia affects individuals i ndependence and as a result their daily living as well as social relationships. Their personality can change and their memory lost. Their emotional responsiveness changes alongside their language, reasoning, judgement and ability to communicate all of which can be very hard for loved ones to come to terms with. Alzheimer’s Scotland 2003 stress that being diagnosed with dementia is not ‘the end of the road’ and while it brings great changes and challenges ‘there’s still a whole world to enjoy’. A lot of individuals suffering from dementia, depending on the severity, live in care settings simply because they can become difficult for family members alone to look after. In my own experience of working in a care home I know too well about the care that those with dementia need. As carers it is important that we promote as much independence on those with dementia. It is important to help them remain as fit and healthy as possible- both mentally and physically. In my own care home we would fulfil this by simply taking residents for walks around the garden ensuring that they get some fresh air and aren’t just sitting in their chair all day. All principles of practice still apply for dementia individuals, we should respect their dignity when washing, respect their privacy by knocking their door before entering as well as respecting their personal style and identity when dressing them- this is reassuring for family member when visiting. As dementia develops, it can cause behaviour changes that can be confusing, irritating or difficult for others to deal with, leaving carers and family members feeling stressed, irritable or helpless. By learning to understand the meaning behind the actions, it can be easier to stay calm and deal effectively with the challenges that arise. Examples of changes in behaviour include asking the same question over and over again- in this case we should try encouraging the individual to find the answer for themselves and also ensure that we are patient and understanding. One example that is relevant to me and probably others working in a care home is residents repeatedly asking to go home; in this case we should be extremely understanding and reassure them that they are in a safe place and loved. As a result of looking after loved ones with dementia, we can sometimes neglect ourselves and it can become emotionally and physically draining. Pinquart and Sorenson (2004) suggest that the impact of caring for a person with dementia is greater than caring for a physically frail elder due to a number of challenges specific to caring for a person with dementia. Dementia results in an increased need for supervision which in turn can result in the carer becoming isolated and having no time for their own spare time activities. In making recommendations for inventions to support carers of people with dementia, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence and the Social Care Institute for Excellence (NICE- SCIE) took into account the findings from the research literature. The most successful interventions are tailored and multi- component, including for example: Individual or group psycho- education Peer support groups with other carers Training courses about dementia, services and benefits, and communication and problem solving in the care of people with dementia Involvement of other family members All of this highlights the importance of information on dementia and how important education on dementia is for carers. Counselling sessions have also proved valuable for carers of those with dementia. Mittelman et al (1995, 1996, 2005) set up i ndividual and family counselling, support groups and access to long term telephone support. Content would include learning techniques for managing behaviour or promoting better communication between concerned family members. There has been no formal replication of the model in the UK but the service offered by Admiral Nurses is similar in that they provide long term, carer focused support. It is obvious that in the past dementia has been perceived wrong by the public, however with more and more research and exposure as to what the condition actually is and how it affects those who have it I feel that people have begun to realise just how serious it is as well as just how much it changes not only the lives of those suffering from it but also their loved ones as well as their carers. In order to continue with this progress I feel it is extremely important for future nurses, carers and people in general to be fed information on what dementia is, how it can affect us and how we can cope with the condition in our daily lives, for example by providing more support services for carers and families in need. Bibliography World Health Organisation 1946 1984 cited in L Ewles I Simnet [2003] â€Å"Promoting Health – A Practical Guide† 5th Ed London, Balliere Tindall L Jones [1994] â€Å"The Social Context of Health and Health Work† London Macmillan http://www. disabilityartsonline. org. uk/affirmative-model-of-disability- accessed on 1/5/13 http://www. scope. org. uk/about-us/our-brand/talking-about-disability/social-model-disability- accessed on 1/5/13 Grunewald [1974] The Mentally Retarded in Sweden† Swedish Institute, Stockholm CCETSW, Conn, L. and

Othello Moderno essays

Othello Moderno essays O is a teen adapted modernization of Shakespeares play Othello, The Moor of Venice. Now, with modernizations things can get a little shaky. The filmmakers tried to make it as close to the actual story though. It revolves around Odin Othello (Mekhi Phifer). He goes to an esteemed prep school which is located in America. In the story Odin is on the basketball team, from the story you can see that he was accepted for his ability to bring glory to them on the basketball court. The antagonist of the story is Hugo Iago (Josh Hartnett). Some say that Jealousy is a dangerous emotion. In this case one could say it really is. The affection of Hugos father, who is also the coach of the basketball team is enough to cause a spark. There is a part in the movie where the coach (Martin Sheen), says of Odin, "I love him like my own son." Hugo has the ability to manipulate people to do his own doing. This is a part where the movie itself lacks a bit. The ease he has with convincing people makes it look like he is not manipulating them, but merely playing upon their sense of gullibility. From then on Hugo begins a path of manipulation and deceit towards his own plans, which will bring about the destruction of Odin. The way Hugo brings about this is working towards Odins soft spot. This is Desi (Julia Stiles) whom is the woman that Odin loves. He works his manipulative games by subtly leaving hints to Odin that Desi is cheating on him, when in reality she really isnt. Hugo also enlists in the help of his roommate Roger Rodriguez (Elden Henson of "The Mighty" in the Rodrigo role), to bring Odin down. The acting in the movie is pretty solid. Mekhi Phifer does a good job all in all with playing Odin. He really captures the inner struggle that hes going through when he begins to believe that Hugo was right about his allegations of Desis cheating on him. ...

Arna Bontemps, Documenting the Harlem Renaissance

Arna Bontemps, Documenting the Harlem Renaissance In the introduction to the poetry anthology Caroling Dusk, Countee Cullen described the poet Arna Bontemps as being, ...at all times cool, calm, and intensely religious yet never takes advantage of the numerous opportunities offered them for rhymed polemics. Bontemps might have published poetry, childrens literature, and plays during the Harlem Renaissance but he never gained the fame of Claude McKay or Cullen. Yet  Bontemps  work as an educator and librarian allowed the works of the Harlem Renaissance to be revered for generations to come. Early Life and Education Bontemps was born in 1902 in Alexandria, La., to Charlie and Marie Pembrooke Bontemps. When Bontemps was three, his family moved to Los Angeles as part of the Great Migration. Bontemps attended public school in Los Angeles before heading to Pacific Union College. As a student at Pacific Union College, Bontemps majored in English, minored in history and joined the Omega Psi Phi fraternity. The Harlem Renaissance Following Bontemps college graduation, he headed to New York City and accepted a teaching position at a school in Harlem. When Bontemps arrived, the Harlem Renaissance was already in full swing. Bontemps poem The Day Breakers was published in the anthology, The New Negro in 1925. The following year, Bontemps poem, Golgatha is a Mountain won first prize in the Alexander Pushkin contest sponsored by Opportunity. Bontemps wrote the novel, God Sends Sunday in 1931 about an African-American jockey. That same year, Bontemps accepted a teaching position at Oakwood Junior College. The following year, Bontemps was awarded a literary prize for the short story, A Summer Tragedy. He also began publishing childrens books. The first, Popo and Fifina: Children of Haiti, was written with Langston Hughes. In 1934, Bontemps published You Cant Pet a Possum and was fired from Oakwood College for his personal political beliefs and library, which were not aligned with the schools religious beliefs. Yet, Bontemps continued to write and in 1936s Black Thunder: Gabriels Revolt: Virginia 1800, was published. Life After the Harlem Renaissance In 1943, Bontemps returned to school, earning a masters degree in library science from the University of Chicago. Following his graduation, Bontemps worked as the head librarian at Fisk University in Nashville, Tenn. For more than twenty years, Bontemps worked at Fisk University, spearheading the development of various collections on African-American culture. Through these archives, he was able to coordinate the anthology Great Slave Narratives. In addition to working as a librarian, Bontemps continued to write. In 1946, he wrote the play, St. Louis Woman with Cullen.   One of his books, The Story of the Negro was awarded the Jane Addams Childrens Book Award and also received the Newberry Honor Book. Bontemps retired from Fisk University in 1966 and worked for the University of Illinois before serving as curator of the James Weldon Johnson Collection. Death Bontemps died on June 4, 1973, from a heart attack. Selected Works by Arna Bontemps Popo and Fifina, Children of Haiti, by Arna Bontemps and Langston Hughes, 1932You Cant Pet a Possum, 1934Black Thunder: Gabriels Revolt: Virginia 1800, 1936Sad-Faced Boy, 1937Drums at Dusk: A Novel, 1939Golden Slippers: An Anthology of Negro Poetry for Young Readers, 1941The Fast Sooner Hound, 1942They Seek a City, 1945We Have Tomorrow, 1945Slappy Hooper, the Wonderful Sign Painter, 1946The Poetry of the Negro, 1746-1949: an anthology, edited by Langston Hughes and Arna Bontemps, 1949George Washington Carver, 1950Chariot in the Sky: a Story of the Jubilee Singers, 1951Famous Negro Athletes, 1964The Harlem Renaissance Remembered: Essays, Edited, With a Memoir, 1972Young Booker: Booker T. Washingtons Early Days, 1972The Old South: A Summer Tragedy and Other Stories of the Thirties, 1973

SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SWOT Analysis - Essay Example Likewise, the company’s ability to rapidly join the market with such a low entry cost is one of the greatest strengths portrayed by this individual plan. With a little over 100,000 dollars, the firm can buy stock, rent space, hire staff, and make the product offering available to the target market. Opportunities The opportunity for expansion is high due to the fact that this firm requires a very modest amount of initial investment in order to operate and will likely quickly draw a residual revenue. Likewise, a secondary opportunity lies in the ability of the firm to branch out and offer services to other universities statewide or at the national level with the same type of business plan and the same level of initial investment A further definite opportunity that this project enjoys is the fact that people are becoming increasingly mindful of the level of carbon emissions they produce. As such mopeds/scooters are the perfect means to combat this while the entire time providing rapid, easy to park transportation to meet the needs of the customer. Threats The most obvious and extent threat that such a business endeavor faces is born out of the strength that this analysis has previously mentioned. Due to the fact that the cost of entry is so low, it is conceivable that such a firm might have a number of competitors – seemingly overnight. Due to this fact, it must be incumbent upon the firm to ensure that their product is offered at a reasonable price and that their service leaves nothing to be desired. Due to the fact that entrants can come and go so easily, the firm must leave nothing to be desired in the off chance that they will lose a great deal of customer patronage if a competitor can outdo them with respect to any part of the business plan Weakness Unfortunately, the plans weaknesses far outweigh its strengths, opportunities or even threats. The first of these is the question of why a student would choose to rent rather than buy. With such a lo w cost per unit (between 400-700 USD), one wonders why any college student would rent such a device rather than pay for it outright. Understandably college students lack a great deal of discretionary income; however, at such prices it beggars belief that an individual would not themselves perform a rapid cost-benefit analysis and determine that they would be better off purchasing a scooter rather than renting it due to the fact that they could effectively pay it off in the space of a year. Although it is a stereotype, it is without question that a broad majority of college students will not necessarily take careful care of their leased moped during the period in which they are using it. As such, no mention was made in the plan with relation to how University Mopeds work to recoup this loss when a moped is returned in poor operating condition. Furthermore, most parts of Oregon experience a great deal of rain. As anyone with prior experience riding a bicycle, moped, or motorcycle can attest, doing so in the rain is a miserable experience. How will University Mopeds work to provide these products in a market that experiences such high precipitation levels? A further weakness of the plan is the lack of information provided with respect to where the demographic data was obtained (University Mopeds, 2011). The figures and statistics were interesting but without a citation, it is impossible for

Whistle blowing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Whistle blowing - Essay Example Taylor). Whistle blowing is seen as a breach of organizational loyalty and amounts to disclosure of information. It also amounts to pressure tactics by the employees as seen by some theorists. It is basically a conflict between the organization and the society. What kind of whistle blowing is the society and organization looking or hoping for? What is its place in the society? What are the meaning and justifications of the whistle blowing policies? Does whistle blowing resolve the conflict between the organization and the society? Why has whistle blowing been legitimized? Whistle blowing involves three categories of people - the individual, the organization and the society. Whistle blowing is done by an individual against an organization for the protection of the society. Whistle blowing policies are set of procedures and norms aimed at those individuals who disclose information about the organizational malpractices of the organization with which they are attached. Whistle blowers are given protection against dismissal, demotion or retaliation. If retaliation takes place by the organization, they are even provided compensation packages. Whistle blowing has perhaps always existed without this terminology but laws were passed to protect the courageous blowers. Kaplan & Kleiner (2000) emphasize whistle blowing occurs when employee and management relationship lacks professionalism. Issues, which can be handled as a part of the daily routine, remain neglected. When it develops into a significant situation, employees may bring it to the notice of the seniors, there by being named as whistle blowers. The practice of whistle blowing is necessary for professional organizations to maintain professional ethics and protect the public. Whistle blowing can be both good and bad for the society. William De Maria (2005) comments that whistle blowing can be a

Using mobile phone Essay Example for Free

Using mobile phone Essay Why people nowadays prefer using mobile phone to using telephone ? Although many researches indicated that mobile phones have some bad influences on human, The number of people using mobile phones are increasing every year. First of all , I’ll talk about the advantages of cell phone and how does it influence to our daily life . The most obvious advantages of mobile phone are that it can be mobilized. People can use mobile phones everywhere they want such as buses, companies, schools etc. Meanwhile, telephones are immobilized which is hard to use outside . On the other hand, mobile phones can help the users to contact the other people. People can make a simple phone call or send a message with their photos . I have a mobile phone and it is really useful for me to call my family, my friends or chat with many people and share my pictures. Moreover , life is not interesting without mobile phone because many entertaining functions can be used in mobile phones. It is unbelievable that mobile phone provide many good entertainment like taking a photo, playing games, listening to music, connecting Internet, reading book etc. So what about the disadvantages ? Do those things make the bad effect to our healthy? . As we all know that , The main fundamental rules of cell phone base on electromagnetic wave . And this kind of wave often harms to our healthy if using it chronically by making some serious illnesses such as : mental problems , reproductive problems etc. Moreover , The distractions which it brings to us will effect to our work . We can’t focus on working because too much entertaining things on a smart cell phone . That’s my opinions about this topic. Thanks for listening .

College Stress Essay -- University Student Issues Essays Papers

College Stress Jack’s heart pounds as he casts panicked looks around the classroom. He doesn’t recognize the professor, he doesn’t know any of the students, and he can’t even figure out what the subject is. In front of him is a test. At the very last minute his roommate awakens him. It’s only another anxiety dream. The very fact that dreams like Jack’s are common suggests that college is a stressful situation for young people. The cause of this stress can be academic, financial, and personal. Academic stress is common for college students. For many students, going to college is more than just attending classes and taking notes. They usually have a hard time understanding school guidelines and deciding what major they want to study. It is very stressful to read and understand all the school policies, especially the transfer instructions. It is even harder for student to make up their mind what major they should concentrate on. Choosing the right courses and making a schedule is another headache job that students have to go through. Students often find it very tough to decide what are the right classes to take that related to their major. It is also stressful to wake up in the morning and be one time for classes. Finally, preparing and taking mid-term and final exams are the most stressful time that student encounter for the entire semester. In a similar case to Jack, my friend, Som, who is a good student at City College, always gets nervous and stays up all night...

Kudler Fine Foods Network Overview Essay

Introduction One of the considered â€Å"best fine food stores† around is the Kudler Fine Foods. However, Kudler is in serious need of a network infrastructure upgrade of their old one. To introduce the latest technologies in data collection; company communication; and information protection while providing the best data speeds and network access; are the main goals of the enterprise network. This huge step is significant as this will increase the revenue and will reduce the costs of operation throughout the Kudler Fine Foods stores. Kudler Fine Foods will go back up to technological speed as the network upgrade is completed, while at the same time improving the way they keep track of inventory and sales by using data mining techniques, which will be collected and analyzed in real time. Network Overview The review of the current network used at Kudler Fine Foods was able to determine that the network topology that is being used is the bus topology. The bus network is set-up in such a way that all the network components are connected via CAT5 to the bus or communication line. This configuration is true at sites in the corporation for their workstations, servers, and standalone UPS. A 56k modem is the device that is used by all of the networks communicating to the internet. Although the bus network is very reasonable when it comes to cost, the downfall is that when the backbone goes down, the entire network can encounter an outage that is very difficult to troubleshoot. Another disadvantage this network is the occurrence of signal collision. This happens when two systems are sending signals at the same time to one another, collides with each other and causes to drop both signals. To solve this problem, CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) technology will be set-up in the network, which will put the network into a listen mode before sending, to prevent collisions from taking place. Network Response time The current network is experiencing lack of response time and latency due to the use of 56k modems installed at all of the sites. The major goal of the upgrade is to respond to the critical issue of speed performance and possible network outage when there are no other mean of communication exists in case the modems went down. The use of outdated system hardware and software, including the modem and operating system of computer, are seen as the main cause of the problem in terms of response times, latency, and jitter that in the entire network. Response time is being measured by the time that the network takes to respond to command of the users. The slow response time is happening because the host systems at all sites are running only with Window 98 and Pentium II processors, which are over 10 years old. The available bandwidth is related to the latency and jitter issues that are being seen over the network. â€Å"Jitter is defined as the amount of variation or randomness in latency or response time, measured in milliseconds† (What is jitter?, 2006). The 56k modem provides up to 56,000 bps of speed only, which is very slow response time, thereby causing low bandwidth. Another reason is that all of the servers on the Kudler network are running Windows NT with Pentium III processors only. By upgrading the hardware, updating the software, and installing a T1 line which can offer a speed up to 1.544 Mbps (27 times faster than the old modem), the major problems can be solved. By then, the network performance can cope up with all the real-time information coming from all the Kulder Fine Foods locations which will result to better sales and inventory tracking. This will give great improvements from the existing network and will provide an uptime of up to 97%. Traffic Analysis Traffic analysis is used for detecting network intrusions to be able to determine response time and latency that is taking place. Traffic analysis concerns more on the security of the network than the protocol being used. It will be able to detect about when and where a latency issue is taking place. Traffic analysis is being done through command line tools to provide the vital information about the network latency. Wire Shark will be used to allow deep packet level analysis of the network and to mitigate possible network latency problems. Ping is also used to provide the user the ability to check the network conductivity from the workstation to a specific node or internet site. Trace Route is still another utility that can show the full connection path between the user’s workstation and the desired destination  system being reached. The use of these tools can decrease the amount of time of an outage on a network by identifying which devices are not passing on the packets and where the packets drops are taking place. The ability to detect an outage before it results to a bigger issue would be the best case scenario for any network. Kudler’s network will be implementing Nagios. It â€Å"Nagios is a powerful IT management system that lets an organization to easily identify and resolve problems in IT infrastructure before it can greatly affect the critical business processes† (Nagios, 2012). Nagios provides a system that gives alerts whenever a network device is detected acting abnormally, thereby providing a fix immediately. One network can live without the help of traffic analysis tools but it would take a huge amount of man-hours to pin point where in the network the problem exists. Networking Standards It is very important that a network is following and applying the right standards in connecting and sharing information. Open standards allow connecting and sharing information possible because it allows everyone using different technology such as NIC (Network Interface Card) to connect to the internet via CAT5 (Category 5) cable. Using new technology standards can be beneficial but can also give a lot of disadvantages when not using the open standards because it can cause incompatibility with other existing devices. Kudler Fine Foods needs to follow the networking standards issued by the standard-giving bodies as follows: IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is the organization that sets the standards for all networks. Wireless networking standards also fall under this organization. The IEEE has a wide library of information and standards which will be very valuable for the new network. WLAN is also incorporated into this network that is why WECA standards are also worth including. The WECA standards are applied â€Å"ensuring the cross-vendor compatibilities of 802.11b wireless-networking hardware and  software† (Kozierok, 2005). If these wireless standards were not applied properly to the network, then the individual wireless users would not be able to connect properly. The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) plays a very important role in networking as they are the one who issues standards on how to communicate via TCP/IP. These standards and standards-giving bodies need to work together so that network can perform in its fullest potential. Protocol and Security overview Security plays a vital role in the network of any company. The advancement in the hardware and software being used by the network is useless, and costly acquisition and installation are non-sense, if these were no properly secured. To provide the security needed by the network, it is very important to choose the correct communication protocols and individual protocols (under the communication protocols) to be used. For example, TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) is a communication protocol, but within the TCP/IP are protocols that allow for network communication to take place such as port 80 or HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). These protocols are properly chosen based on the characteristics and ability of the devices acquired for the network. The TCP/IP operates at layers 3 and 4 of the OSI model. The new enterprise network will be using WAN which will connect all the sites with their individual WLANs. Again, choosing the right protocols is essential to the security and performance of these networks. WPA2 Enterprise, which is the most recommended encryption used to secure a wireless network, will be used for the WLAN. WPA Enterprise utilizes 802.1x authentications by means of a RADIUS server. RADIUS server, â€Å"is a client/server protocol and also a software, which enables servers that access remotely to communicate with a central server to make authentication of dial-in users and authorization of their access to the requested system or service possible†(Thomas & Oosten, 2006). This will provide user account certificate-based authentication to take place and will form signal-based authentication on to the wireless network. The protocol that is applicable to this implementation is Port 443 or HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), which uses SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) over HTTP, which will encrypt any communication going over this port. The use of this protocol will  prevent network sniffing from unwanted entities and will provide DLP (Data Loss Prevention). Another implementation is the ability to connect to one another via VPN (Virtual Private Network). This will allow a secure communication tunnel to all of the sites using the enterprise network. The VPN connection will have the ability to be accessed anywhere by just setting up an additional high speed internet. The VPN is also significant as it will allow the systems to have back-up system on a central server and provide redundancy of connection in case the main internet connection goes down. Almost everything that will be implemented in the new enterprise network is new technologies but the basic phone line should not be taken for granted. Either VoIP or Centrix can be used for the implementation of the phone line. VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) â€Å"is using RTP, UDP, and IP to/from a Skinny Client for audio† (RADCOM Academy, 2012). The Skinny protocol is used by Cisco devices. VoIP systems can cost a little more expensive due to the total ownership of the systems once purchased. This is an extra overhead for Kudler, so choosing Centrix system is a better option because the company will not be taking on the cost of the system, but only the cost of the service, thereby incurring less overhead and saves money. To conclude, Kudler Fine Foods’ new enterprise network will bring the best choice of hardware, software and service in terms of cost and quality of performance to perform the collection of data, communication, and protection of information vital to the company. This will also increase the revenue and will reduce the operational costs at all Kudler Fine Foods stores. This will then in turn allow Kudler to offer lower prices of their products and services while still providing the best quality of food in the state of California. References RADCOM Academy. (2012). Voice over ip reference page. Retrieved, 15 January 2012, from http://www.protocols.com/pbook/VoIP.htm What is jitter?. (2006, January 6). Retrieved, 21 January 2012, from http://www.nessoft.com/kb/article/what-is-jitter-57.html Nagios. (2012). Products. Retrieved, 21 January 2012, from http://www.nagios.com/products Thomas, O., & Oosten, C. V. (2006, August). Radius (remote authentication dial-in user service). . Retrieved, 21 January 2012, from http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/RADIUS Kozierok, C. (2005, September 20). Networking industry groups. Retrieved, 21 January 2012, from http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_NetworkingIndustryGroups.htm

Preparation narrative report Essay

My experience in shipboard is very memorable for me, every day your going to treasure it. My experience goes this way, trip to Manila. I’m very excited and when at the port i’m very disappointed because our CoOJT’s from LPU Laguna is some kind of â€Å"maarte† and we met our STO Sir Joepet a very kind STO and I really like him. see more:examples of narrative report When we embark at the ship I feel a little bit nervous but not because of I’m of I’m afraid that the ship is going to sink while underway I’m afraid of what if I can’t do all task that they are going to give us. After fixing our things we go straight to the multi purpose room for our orientation, after that our STO gave us a time to familiarization we proceed to the Island Fiesta where the tourist accommodation eat their meal. We woke up very early and to be exact 2am for us not to be late in our duty. We are 14 so we 7 pairs and my partner is Erika my dear friend.  Our first duty is at the Island Fiesta, its really a Fiesta because of 80% of the passengers ate at Island Fiesta. our time of duty is 10hrs but its s broken sched were in we have a time to rest, in Island Fiesta it measures how long your patience is, how good you are in selling and convincing power sales talk. at first I’m shy but when I find it exciting and fun I really enjoy it I really do my best to call all attentions of the passengers and we have a good sales, after that I was assigned to dining and I do bussing out are first complicated and hard to do but at the end I enjoy even if the other passengers are irritating and annoying. Second duty is housekeeping I really enjoy it especially the trash out things and bed making even though the one casual is snob I still enjoy and in our third duty in Quik Mart we sell snacks and beverages we shout and shout walk and walk, sometimes could by passengers and sometimes the passengers get mad of us because we can’t understand them, and their pronunciations is very hard to understand. Forth duty at the front office I got mad because in whole duty we just stand there after our duty my legs aches. Our fifth duty is at the galley or kitchen I really enjoy it the chefs are very kind they are all approachable and funny they make us laugh the whole duty, and the task they gave us to slice 100 kilos bittergourd and peeling other staff. And food in ship is errr! sometimes tasteless sometimes they are very rich in salt, and the food is  just the same the whole OJT. And the casuals are very nice and kind unlike the other trainees seems they are the manager or supervisor. -Angelica Dominguez HRM 3A â€Å"My Magical Experience on Shipboard† May 14, 2014 was the day when we leave Nueva Ecija and go to Tondo, Manila(North Harbor Pier4) to start our Practicum1 at Ship. On this day also was our first voyage(Manila to Cagayan de Oro). when we already board at the ship, the first thing we do is meet and greet our STO Mr. Joepet Gallego discussed and issued the rules and regulations while were on the ship as well as our schedule and we also had our tour on ship to familiarized every department of the ship. On the next day, May 15, 2014 we already started our first duty at Island Fiesta food court wherein we bussed out, we served etc.,. On my first day on the ship I fell boring, but when the day had been passed I enjoyed every second, minute, hour and days with my co-trainees. I already learned to love what I am doing because they all treated me well especially casuals, they treated us good. We learned a lot from them and we will never forget this experience. I can tell everybody that this experience is magical because it helps me to grow up and become a matured one. -Erica Portacio HRM 3A I was so excited that we experienced being a part of 2GO TRAVEL. it was so nice because all of them the casual, the crew especially to our STO,all of them, they are so very kind. They share us their knowledge and experiences at the ship. During the 1st and last day of our duty we enjoyed being a trainee together with my partner. I learned a lot on this training that you need to treat all passengers good, respect them and show them that they are welcome,and even when passenger say bad words all you can do is smile show to them that looks like nothings happen. I experience in this ship that its hard to become a employee because even they are tired no matter what’you need to welcome them with a beautiful smile. This On-the-job training experienced was very happy because it was my 2nd time to travel on board. I could probably say that I really learned a lot of things there’and i can also say learning is not just seen in the four corners of the room. i am hapy and proud because we finish our duty and it is a great memory to remember in our college life. -Princess Tagaro HRM 3B Having my OJT at 2GO Travel is really enjoy. I’ve learned a lot especially in time management. We duty in the 6o’clock in the morning, so we need to wake up early. We learned how to socialize in other people. I gained more knowledge about my course. I gained more friends because the bonding in our room. And we enjoy to go other places here in the Philippines. When we are on the ship, they taught us about the history, mission and vision of the company, corporate values, vessels, facilities and services of our prescribed logistic company. They also told us about the training rules and regulations, basic house rules and standards like the standards of courtesy and decorum on board, uniform requirements and grooming standards. Also familiarize with the safety alarm, signs and symbols. Most of all, we are very happy because our Shipboard Training Officer is very nice, he take care of us while we are on our duty. And all of the employee in the ship is very friendly. This is v ery memorable experience in my OJT. -Mariel Miranda HRM 3B As an Hrm Student, we were required to take On-the-job training related to our course. I decided to take my Ojt at MVSJP II, a vessel from 2Go travel. I started my Ojt on May 14, 2014.   On our first day on the ship, we took a lecture headed by our STO or Shipboard Training Officer, Mr. Joepet Gallego, then he gave us our  assignments of duties. Our duties revolved on Food and Beverage, Housekeeping, and Front Office Department. On the Food and Beverage Department, I have experienced a lot of works from bussing out dishes, serving foods, setting up the table, and kitchen works. I can say that I’ve learned bunch of things there like the proper way of talking to the customers and to work grace under pressure. On the Housekeeping Department, we cleaned, took out trash, and do â€Å" bed making† on the different accommodations of the ship. I have applied my knowledge on bed making which I have learned from school and made my work easier. Also, on this department, we have assigned to assist passengers to their rooms or accommodations, this was very enjoying because I was able to meet different people. On the Front Office, it was a must to always wear your smile in every situation. I have learned here to always stay calm and polite to the guests whatever their mood was. I have also learned the proper way of grooming myself. The whole Ojt experience for me was very challenging but fun . I have practiced and developed a lot of my skills. As a trainee, I’ve learned to follow strictly on instructions. I improved my self confidence and somehow became more sociable to people. I’ve learned to become flexible, to act professional and be polite at all times. I became aware to treating the customer’s right. I’ve learned to enjoy my work and my workplace, and to enjoy working with the people around me. I can say that I gained a lot of knowledge that I can apply in the near future, and I can say that I chose the right the course for me. 2go Travel’s MVSJP II offers good working environment, which made my experience very enjoying. -Samantha Ellaine Beltran HRM 3B Performs other functions as may be given by my supervisor from time to time and maintain cleanliness and orderliness of assigned at all times, serves meals to the passengers following to the proper food handling procedures and assists in the requisition and issuance of stock from the store room and  performs suggestive selling technique to increase sales and ensures that no unauthorized personnel take out serving from the food on display for sale and free meals and line performs other functions as may be given by the housekeeping supervisor from to time. -Verna Salamanca HRM 3B The first time I saw the ship I felt nervous and excited, when the time the ship is ongoing that night I don’t know what I really feel. The night also I can’t sleep because i feel a little beat scared because of the ship is swaying. The first day of my duty is in Quik mart, my partner is Benjie Cardenas, He is also my partner in my whole OJT in the Saint Pope John Paul II. Every day in my duty we enjoyed together, the casual of the ship and my co trainee from other school. I’m very thankful, blessed and happy for being a part of the shipboard training, 15 days working hard but full of learning and also happiness. A lot of moments once in a lifetime. I can say that my OJT will never forget in my whole life. -Byron Macalinao HRM 2B My on-the-job training experienced is very happy because that is my first time to travel the diff. parts of the Philippines. At first, I felt so excited and also nervous. Our first day in the ship is just an orientation. My first experience in OJT training, me and Byron assigned in Quik Mart. I feel shy and nervous, the we sell clothing, we enjoy it because supposedly turned just like itinerant. Second day in housekeeping also we assigned. We meet Sir Toto, he is the kindest crew, he taught the technique in how to bed making etc. We  experienced to mop a staircase, we also assign ports. It is not easy because it’s too many passengers need to assist but it is okay because we requested the hotel manager assigned. We also experienced the Island Fiesta difficult because too many passengers eating. Also taught proper bus out, I enjoy it even fatigue. We also dropped in Cagayan to buy goods and also flesh out, food trip. The street food in Cagayan was very delicious. Then in Cebu we go to the most important ancient church and the Magellan’s Cross. -Benjie Cardenas HRM 2B During my OJT, I learned how to be a responsible in my own way, on the first day of my OJT, I feel nervous but I’m so excited, I learned how to love, care and respect our customer. Me and my partner experience or encounter some trials or problems but we solve it because we helped each other. This OJT is unforgettable moment and I can say that this is one of the best part of my college life. -Jommel Caba HRM 2A I have a lot of experience at the 2GO Travel Shipboard. First, to entertain guest, if what they need in the front desk. Second, on how to serve the food and to bus out. Third, to sell a product even though it’s expensive to the other guest, but they obligated to but it. Fourth, on how to bed making, to clean the cabin or accommodation. Fifth, at the galley or kitchen, I cut a lot of vegetables and sometimes my own finger ï Å . And of course, the casuals and our STO, their so good to us, they like friends, brothers and sisters to us. But all in all I enjoyed, that was a best experienced I’ve ever feel. I will not forget those experience at 2GO Travel, and I will missed them. THANK YOU!! -Princess Cammille Ferrer HRM 2D At first I feel nervous because I don’t have any idea on what we do while were staying there but then there’s a feeling that I’m so excited to feeling onboard. Then, we met Mr. Joepet Gallego our Shipboard Training Officer (STO). His a nice person, he tours us onboard then he teach us everything onboard, accommodation and other facilities. On my first duty, we assigned at the front office, I feel bored ï Å' but the day past, we all getting haggard, we need to woke up as early as 3am to arranged ourselves for everyday duty. I experience a lot of thing that on shipboard experience. At first, yeah it’s so hard to work especially on Island Fiesta but time after time it’s become easy because we enjoyed what we’re doing. Two weeks was done, I feel bad because I know I will missed my days with other OJT’s, the casuals that teach us how to work easy and most especially I missed my new friends, the person who make me laugh every time even weà ¢â‚¬â„¢re tired we have a time to talk on everyone’s experienced ï Å  -Jaymie Natividad HRM 2D Last May 14, our OJT start. The name of our ship is MV St. Pope John Paul II. During the day of my duties I felt so nervous and excited especially on the first day because I am a first timer so they teach me how to assist guest and serve customer. Then after a long time of being there I learned the diff. ways/ techniques on how to deal with the customer. Having a successfully completed 300 hours of OJT on the ship I learned a lot of things like on how to socialize with other people. I easily control my temper to the customers that are very demanding and not talk nicely. -Aira Jane Canlas HRM 2D During our On the Job Training at MV Saint Pope John Paul II, we were assign at eight different types of areas at the shipboard like Front Office, Quick Mart, Galley, Horizon, Island Fiesta, Cabin, Mega Value and Super Value. Every day we have a rotation for those different areas. First week of our practicum at the shipboard was not easy for me because every day we have to  the different kind of task for that area, so the crew teach us like on housekeeping at the cabin we learned the bed making, towel folding and on different rooms we also do cleaning passengers room, the comfort room and we also do trash out. At the Front Desk , we were great and assist the passengers about their concerned, at Restaurant like Horizon and Island Fiesta we were serving foods for the customers, bass out, washing dishes and cleaning the table. we are also selling foods and beverages at the Quik Mart. All Crew teach us well for what we were doing on their area and they treat us like their family also our STO Mr. Joepet Gallego who rounded every hour to see were doing , check our attendance and care for us when one of us are sick, we met a lot of student in different schools they are our co-trainees. Practicum at MVSJP was unforgettable we were well trained and learn to be organized for every aspect. We learned to be patient and control our temper because we were joining a lot of people every day who have different attitude. For all of that we enhance our confidence, socialization and skills. -Nelissa Paz HRM 2D DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES A. Front Office Apply customer service skills Facilitate registration and rooming-in of guests Handle guest’s requests and inquiries Manage safety deposit boxes and lost and found service Assist in the in-house entertainment services Clean and organize the Front Office B. First Class Dining Saloon/ Horizon Apply customer service skills Carry out food portioning Take guests’ orders Serve guests’ orders Bus out dishes Wash the dishes Clean the First Class Dining Saloon C. Economy Dining Saloon/ Island Fiesta Apply customer service skills Carry out food portioning Carry out sanitation and hygiene standards on Food and Beverage areas Bus out dishes Wash the dishes Clean the Economy Dining Saloon D. Ship Shop/ Quik Mart Apply customer service skills Sell Merchandise Clean Ship Shop Make sales report E. Galley Carry out inspection of finished product prior to servicing to customers Apply proper handling of foods for delivery Clean cutlery, pots and the galley equipment Carry out proper storage procedures like sorting, labelling ,FIFO Method Prepare raw materials for food processing F. Housekeeping- Cabin Apply customer service skills Perform housekeeping inspections Clean guests’ accommodations Clean restrooms in cabins Make-up bed G. Housekeeping-Tatami/ Mega Value Apply customer service skills Perform housekeeping inspections Clean guests’ accommodations Clean public comfort room Clean hallway areas H. Housekeeping-Economy/ Super Value Clean hallway areas Clean lobbies and viewing decks Apply customer service skills Perform housekeeping inspections Clean guests’ accommodations Clean public comfort room

Manor Definition, Significance in the Medieval Period

Manor Definition, Significance in the Medieval Period The medieval manor, also known as vill from the Roman villa, was an agricultural estate. During the Middle Ages, at least four-fifths of the population of England had no direct connection with towns. Most people did not live on single farms as they still do today, but instead, they were associated with a manor- a social and economic powerhouse of the Middle Ages.   A manor was usually comprised of tracts of agricultural land, a village whose inhabitants worked that land, and a manor house where the lord who owned or controlled the estate lived. Manors might also have had woods, orchards, gardens, and lakes or ponds where fish could be found. On the manor lands, usually near the village, one could often find a mill, bakery, and blacksmithy. Manors were largely self-sufficient. Size and Composition Manors varied greatly in size and composition, and some were not even contiguous plots of land. They generally ranged in size from 750 to 1,500 acres. There might be more than one village associated with a large manor; on the other hand, a manor could be small enough that only part of a villages inhabitants worked the estate. Peasants worked the lords demesne (the property farmed outright by the lord) for a specified number of days a week, usually two or three. On most manors there was also land designated to support the parish church; this was known as the glebe. The Manor House Originally, the manor house was an informal collection of wood or stone buildings including a chapel, kitchen, farm buildings and, of course, the hall. The hall served as the meeting place for village business and it was where the manorial court was held. As the centuries passed, manor houses became more strongly defended and took on some of the features of castles, including fortified walls, towers, and even moats. Manors were sometimes given to knights as a way to support them as they served their king. They could also be owned outright by a nobleman or belong to the church. In the overwhelmingly agricultural economy of the Middle Ages, manors were the backbone of European life. A Typical Manor: Borley, 1307 Historical documents of the period give us a fairly clear account of medieval manors. The most detailed is that of the extent, which described the tenants, their holdings, rents, and services, which was compiled on testimony by a sworn jury of inhabitants. The extent was completed whenever a manor changed hands.   A typical account of the holdings is that of the manor of Borley, which was held in the early fourteenth century by a freeman named Lewin and described by American historian E.P. Cheney in 1893. Cheney reports that in 1307, Borley manor changed hands, and documents enumerated the holdings of the 811 3/4 acre estate.  That acreage included: Arable lands, 702 1/4 acresMeadow, 29 1/4 acresEnclosed pasture, 32 acresWoods, 15 acres  Manor house land, 4 acresTofts (homesteads) of two acres each, 33 acres   The possessors of the manor lands were described as demesne (or that which was farmed outright by Lewin) including a total of 361 1/4 acres; seven freeholders held a total of 148 acres; seven molmen held 33 1/2 acres, and 27 villeins or customary tenants held 254 acres. Freeholders, molmen, and villeins were Medieval classes of tenant farmers, in descending order of prosperity, but without clear-cut boundaries that changed over time.  All of them paid rents to the lord in the form of a percentage of their crops or labor on the demesne. The total annual value of the estate to the lord of the manor of Borley in 1307 was listed as 44 pounds, 8 shillings, and 5 3/4 pence. That amount was about twice what Lewin would have needed to be knighted, and in 1893 dollars was about U.S. $2,750 a year, which today equals about $75,000.   Sources Cheyney, E. P. The Medià ¦val Manor. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 4 (1893): 75-91. Print. Dodwell, B. The Free Tenantry of the Hundred Rolls. The Economic History Review 14.2 (1944): 163-71. Print. Klingelhà ¶fer, Eric. Manor, Vill, and Hundred: The Development of Rural Institutions in Early Medieval Hampshire. Montreal: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies Overton, Eric. A Guide to the Medieval Manor. London: Local History Publications, 1991. Print

Brilliant Minds Essay Research Paper Running head

Brilliant Minds Essay, Research Paper Runing caput: BRILLIANT MINDS Brilliant Minds of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Willie B. Hill, Jr. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale ________________________________________________________________ ELM-300 Introduction to Electronic Management Research Spring Semester 2000 Fort Gordon, Georgia Contentss Page ABSTRACT # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .3 INTRODUCTION # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; 4 MOTION STUDY # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .4 FATIGUE STUDY # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .6 CONCLUSION # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .7 REFERENCES # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .8 Abstraction Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were two of the great innovators of in the survey of Scientific Management. Two of there major Hagiographas were on Fatigue Study and Motion Study. Business bookmans use many of their Hagiographas, today. Many of their consequences affect the work conditions in many companies. Brilliant Minds of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Frank Gilbreth was born on July 7, 1868 in Fairfield, Maine. Lillian Gilbreth was born on June 24, 1924 in Montclair, New Jersey. The Gilbreths # 8217 ; are considered two of the greatest American bookmans in the field of scientific direction. Many professional concern directors use many of their Hagiographas. Many of their Hagiographas include The Psychology of Management, Fatigue Study, Motion Study for the Handicapped, Applied Motion Study, Motion Study, Primer of Scientific Management, Bricklaying System, and Concrete System. One of the great literary Hagiographas by the Gilbreths was the survey of gesture. Gesture survey is a agency to permanent and practical waste riddance ( Gilbreth, 1917 ) . This work is aim to depict the work countries that gesture survey can be or is being applied and different methods to use to the survey. Finally, the consequence of the survey. Gesture survey was chiefly used in American Industry. The end of this survey was to extinguish unneeded attempt used in the industry to every bit low as possible. The betterment of a occupation undertaking while increasing productiveness was the consequence. The American industrial sector was used because it was spread outing during this clip and America needed to better industrial techniques to stay competitory against other states. Gesture survey analyzed every detailed in the operation to execute a peculiar undertaking and determined the method which used the least sum of energy. An illustration of this research is the assembly of piece used in the production of the braider manufactured by the New England Butt Company ( Gilberth 1917 ) . After analysis utilizing gesture survey there was a three hundred and 50 per centum addition in production with no addition in worker weariness ( Gilbreth 1917 ) . The analysis consisted of what is the unit of step, the difference methods used, an d devices needed. All three are needed to be incorporated to obtain a consequence. The usage of chronocyclegraph gesture devices was another method used in gesture survey. Chronocyclegraph devices were used in the survey to explicate a precise scientific decision to an probe. Clocks, temperature, and location devices was used during the survey. This was necessary to acquire the accurate clip of twenty-four hours, temperature, and topographic point a survey was performed. The information can be mention in the hereafter or the present by scientist and bookmans to compare other scientific consequences from gesture survey. The 3rd type used to make a decision in gesture survey was a gesture theoretical account. Gesture theoretical accounts were used chiefly in educational sector ( Spriegel 1953 ) . It dealt with the different methods of instruction by an person. The outline of the survey was that different methods are used to execute the undertaking than what is taught by the instructor. In one illustration, the instructor taught a individual who was unfamiliar with a topic a really thorough account on how to carry through the undertaking, which was really clip consuming ( Gilbreth 1917 ) . On the other manus, when really executing the undertaking the teacher used cutoffs that reduced the sum of clip to execute the undertaking ( Gilbreth 1917 ) . Another of the Gilbreths # 8217 ; plants was a survey of weariness in the workplace Fatigue is the fatigue from labour or effort ( Webster 1994 ) . This was designed to foremost, to find what types of business causes different sorts of weariness. Second, to measure how unneeded weariness can be eliminated. Third, to cut down the sum of weariness in the workplace every bit low as possible. Fourth, to find different methods to battle weariness. Fifth, to set the information gathered by the survey in a signifier that the mean worker can understand. The two types of weariness are necessary and unneeded. Unnecessary weariness is caused by work that uses more energy to carry through a undertaking than is needed or executing a occupation that should non be performed to make a end ( Myers 1953 ) . A good illustration of otiose energy is the work of the bricklayer. The method for centuries was for the bricklayer to raise his organic structure, the howitzer, and the bricks from the land to the top of the edifice ( Gilbreth 1916 ) . This type of work used a big sum of unneeded energy. Necessary weariness is caused by the achievement of any undertaking. For illustration, there might be an betterment to a work method, which resulted in an addition of productiveness by 50 per centum. Even though more work was accomplished in the same sum of clip it did non or can be expected to extinguish all weariness. One of the most effectual ways to cut down weariness is to better the work environment of an employee. The employer needs to guarantee a worker has adequate clip to rest and pass clip with the household at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. One of the ways to guarantee an employee is non exhausted is to supply a lunch period and at least one twenty-four hours a hebdomad off from work. Another method is to guarantee the proper equipment is used to execute a undertaking. The Gilbreths # 8217 ; did a survey, in which, they provided a lean backing chair to all workers in a company. After one hebdomad of usage the company addition productiveness with less worker weariness ( Spriegel 1953 ) . Proper lighting in the workplace is another manner to cut down weariness. If a workplace has excessively much or non plenty illuming the workers will tire at a greater rate because it will do changeless accommodation and re-adjustment of the eyes. Decision Improvement of working conditions is indispensable to increasing worker productiveness. The Gilbreths # 8217 ; dedicated their lives to contrive methods to cut down worker weariness and waste of unneeded energy. Many of their thoughts are incorporated to many Torahs passed by the authorities during the 1930s # 8217 ; and 1940s # 8217 ; . Failure of concerns to follow the rules of the Gilbreths # 8217 ; could ensue in lower worker productiveness and morale. An of import ingredient in a company # 8217 ; s profitableness is a good relationship with direction and the employee. Bibliography Mentions Gilbreth, F. , A ; Gilbreth L. ( 1916 ) . Fatigue Study. New York: Sturgis A ; Walton Co. Gilbreth, F. , A ; Gilbreth L. ( 1911 ) . Gesture Study. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co. Merriam-Webster # 8217 ; s School Dictionary ( 1994 ) . Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc. Meyers, C. E. , Spriegel W. R. ( Eds. ) . ( 1953 ) The Writings of the Gilbreths. Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.

Buy USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Buy USA - Essay Example Moreover, the website highlights things that need to be avoided by the exporters when it comes to an improper marketing strategy. The website assists the exporters in giving information based on how an export plan should be organized and processed to gain the target goal. The website is so substantial to address the effectiveness of export plan, which includes objectives and specific time-frame for each activity. Hence, the website contains a wide array of resources that could be gathered in order to gain knowledge as well as to save time and money. Moreover, export.gov highlighted how important it is to evaluate a product for its potential to be an export product. One of the most important qualities of an export product is its ability to meet the demands of the customers especially if the sales in the U.S bugs down (Export, 2011). The website is generous to share the motivational factors (e.g. long-term expansion) and organizational factors (e.g. management commitment) as needed in considering the potential of an export product. One of the two sources of short-term planning is the export credits. Export credits would make the convenience of a customer to delay order payments. For exporters, it is very important to manage a credit risk of the exported products to avoid the deterioration of amount in the world of business (â€Å"Principles,† n.d.). One of the main things that should be managed in this style as part of short-term process in exporting products is to make sure that the bank for the money transaction is well developed, organized, and safe. Thus, the export business lies on how accurate the bank is. For example, if the senior management of the bank did not implement and develop policies to identify the risk factors of an export credit card, then the very possible thing to happen would result to a delay of service for the export product. Thus, the need of a foreign customer would not be granted, and the delay would cause the